This article discusses some ethical aspects involved in developing and applying AI systems: positive contribution, human autonomy, privacy, justice, and transparency. It would be good if the people involved in development and application consider such ethical aspects explicitly and carefully. To this end, they can organize a process of reflection and deliberation: a series of meetings in which, for example, data scientists, software engineers, lawyers, civil servants, human rights experts and citizens discuss such ethical aspects. Rapid Ethical Deliberation is discussed as an example of such an approach, with some examples from the justice and security domain. Finally, a brief discussion follows on the added value of transdisciplinary approaches (ELSA) and virtue ethics for organizing such meetings.

With an ever-growing world population, mass incidents like those at the Astroworld Festival in 2021 and Halloween in Seoul in 2022 may occur more often. Crowd management, with artificial intelligence (AI) as a promising tool, can offer solutions. AI can analyze crowds, predict escalations, and enable early interventions. Detecting group emotion plays a crucial role, which can be achieved through various data modalities, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Multi-agent simulation models then predict emotional contagion effects in crowds. Various considerations are discussed, with privacy, validity, and applicability being central.

In the criminal justice process and during sentencing, there are several moments when crucial advice needs to be provided. Because these moments have significant consequences for those involved and society, it is essential that these processes are executed with care, and continuous efforts are made to improve and ensure the quality of these processes. With the rise of AI, the question has emerged of whether this technology can assist in enhancing considerations in the context of forensic diagnostics. On the one hand, there is consideration of possibilities for automation, allowing human intervention to be partially removed from the process. On the other hand, there is a consideration of strengthening human capabilities by deploying them more efficiently or effectively. This article delves into the experiences gained from research on how AI can contribute to complex decisions in forensic diagnostics, particularly in the assessment for clinical forensic care by the Netherlands Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and psychology (NIFP).

The security domain is currently facing major challenges, both internationally and nationally. The Royal Netherlands Marechaussee is therefore committed to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve its effectiveness. This article describes three possible applications of AI within the Marechaussee: the virtual border guard, smart analysis of sensor data, and autonomous robotics for security tasks. The article then discusses a number of potential problems related to the use of AI: the effectiveness, bias and transparency of algorithms, and the lack of a legal framework. Examples and mitigating measures are given for each of the potential problems.