Criminologists have frequently debated whether offenders are specialists, in that they consistently perform either one offense or similar offenses, or versatile by performing any crime based on opportunities and situational provocations. Such foundational research has yet to be developed regarding cybercrimes, or offenses enabled by computer technology and the Internet. This study address this issue using a sample of 37 offender networks. The results show variations in the offending behaviors of those involved in cybercrime. Almost half of the offender networks in this sample appeared to be cybercrime specialists, in that they only performed certain forms of cybercrime.

In de negende editie van het ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) rapport, dat is uitgebracht door het Europees Agentschap voor cyberbeveiliging (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity, ENISA), wordt gewezen op de sterke toename van cybercriminaliteit die wordt gestimuleerd door het financieel gewin van het gebruik van ransomware of cryptojacking.